PBAT‒PLA膜袋受控需氧堆肥条件下的降解研究

目的 通过对广泛使用的PBAT–PLA生物降解膜袋在受控需氧堆肥条件下的降解机制研究，为生物降解塑料的大规模推广提供重要理论基础。方法 根据GB/T 19277.1—2011，在(58±2)℃需氧条件下，对PBAT–PLA膜袋进行为期160 d的生物降解测试(即工业堆肥)，并以常见的可降解材料微晶纤维素作为参比样品。对降解前后的材料进行红外、扫描电镜、能谱分析，并结合其所在堆肥样本的脂肪酶活性，从多角度探寻降解机制。结果 PBAT–PLA膜袋与微晶纤维素所在的堆肥脂肪酶活性都达到空白堆肥的3倍以上。红外显示由微晶纤维素水分子吸附、糖环打开、基团氧化形成的吸收峰加强，PBAT–PLA膜袋中的酯键峰明显减弱;扫描电镜发现降解的PBAT–PLA膜袋表面覆盖了微生物膜;能谱分析发现，碳元素大幅减少，氧元素增加。结论 微生物在PBAT–PLA膜袋表面生长形成生物膜，分泌大量脂肪酶，水解PBAT–PLA的酯键，使聚合物降解为不同链长的中间体或小分子，同时伴随着氧化，随后被作为碳源，在相关微生物体内被代谢利用，形成最终产物。     

PH-induced structural evolution,photodegradation mechanism and application of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst

In this work, we have elucidated the pH-induced structural evolution of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst based on a hydrothermal synthesis route. With increasing the pH value of precursor solution, pure Bi₂MoO₆ was synthesized at pH 2–5, Bi₂MoO₆-Bi₄MoO₉ mixture was obtained at pH 7–9, pure Bi₄MoO₉ was obtained at pH 11, and pure α-Bi₂O₃ was derived at pH 13. The as-derived samples mainly present particle-like shapes but with different particle sizes (except the observation of Bi₂MoO₆ nanowires in sample S-pH9). The photocatalytic performances between the samples were compared via the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. The Bi₂MoO₆ sample synthesized at pH 2 exhibited the highest photodegradation performance (η(30 min) = 89.8 %, k_app = 0.05007 min^?1) among the samples. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of MB were systematically analyzed. Moreover, the photodegradation performance of the Bi₂MoO₆ photocatalyst was further evaluated at different acidic-alkaline environments as well as in degrading various color and colorless organic pollutants, which provides an important insight into its practical application.     

切顶卸压技术在双鸭山矿区沿空留巷中的应用

为了使双鸭山矿区煤炭资源最大程度地被采掘,减少资源浪费,提高矿井效益,延长矿井服务年限及促进矿井安全生产,以双鸭山矿区3个缓倾斜中厚煤层综采工作面为工程背景,对切顶卸压无煤柱开采技术进行深入探索,经过实际的检验证明,在双鸭山矿区缓倾斜中厚煤层中,采用切顶卸压技术进行沿空留巷,技术可行,经济合理,工艺简单,成巷率高。     

Mechanism in chlorine-enhanced Pd catalyst for H2O2 in situ synthesis in electro-Fenton system

Palladium-based catalysts have been widely employed in the electro-Fenton process for in situ generation of H₂O₂. However, the process is still far from being practical on a large scale. In this work, a series of Cl_xFePd/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalysts were prepared by a three-step-impregnation method. They exhibited excellent activity in H₂O₂ in situ synthesis and high efficiency in phenol degradation. The characterization results showed that Cl could assist in increasing the content of Pd⁰ and reducing the isoelectric point of catalysts, which led to the drastic promotion in the synthesis of H₂O₂. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that Cl doping could facilitate the main reaction in H₂O₂ synthesis, as well as inhibit side reactions such as dissociation of the O O bond. Furthermore, kinetic models were proposed and fitted. A plausible reaction mechanism as well as degradation pathways were elaborated based on electron spin resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results. These findings illustrate the value of palladium-based Cl_xFePd/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalysts for their application in the electro-Fenton process.     

Hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo2S3 nanosheets assembled on N,S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres with highly electrocatalytic activity for HER

Water electrolysis is the most clean and high-efficiency technology for production of hydrogen, an ultimate clean energy in future. Highly efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable for large scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Especially, exposing as many active sites as possible is a vital way to improve activities of the catalysts. Herein, a series of new hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo₂S₃ nanosheets assembled uprightly and interlacedly on N, S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres were facilely prepared. The unique structure endowed the catalysts highly exposed edge active sites and prominently high activities for HER. Especially, the optimized catalyst Mo₂S₃/NSCS-50 exhibited as low as 106 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cm² (denoted as ?₁₀). The catalyst also showed low Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec, low electron transfer resistance of 34 Ω and high stability evidenced by the result that the current density only attenuated 11.7% after 10 h i-t test. The catalyst has shown broad prospect for commercial application in water electrolysis.     

Degradation analysis of the core components of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under dynamic load cycles

The durability of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is still an important factor that hinders its large-scale commercial application. In this paper, we have conducted a 1000 h durability test on a 1 kW metal plate PEMFC stack, and explored the degradation of the core components. After 1000 h of dynamic load cycles, the voltage decay percentage of the stack under the current densities of 1000 mA cm^?2 is 5.67%. By analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the surfaces of the metal plates are contaminated locally by organic matter precipitated from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The SEM images of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) cross section indicate that the MEA has undergone severe degradation, including the agglomeration of the catalyst layer, and the thinning and perforation of the PEM. These are the main factors that cause the rapid increase in hydrogen crossover flow rate and performance decay of the PEMFC stack.     

Nanoarchitectonics of CdS/ZnSnO3 heterostructures for Z-Scheme mediated directional transfer of photo-generated charges with enhanced photocatalytic performance

The construction of heterostructure is an effective strategy to synergetically couple wide-band-gap with the narrow-band-gap semiconductor with a mediate optical property and charge transfer capability. Herein, the Z-Scheme CdS/ZnSnO₃ (CdS/ZSO) heterostructures were constructed by anchoring CdS nanoparticles on the surface of double-shell hollow cubic ZnSnO₃ via the hydrothermal method. The direct recombination of excited electrons in the conduction band (CB) of ZSO and holes in the valence band (VB) of CdS via d-p conjugation at the interface greatly accelerated the internal electric field (IEF). The transfer mode follows the Z-Scheme mechanism, where CdS/ZSO synergistically facilitates the efficient charges transfer from CdS to ZnSnO₃ through the intimate interface. Here, ZnSnO₃ and CdS serve as an oxidation photocatalyst (OP) and reduction photocatalyst (RP), respectively. Thus, it can promote synergistically the oxidation half-reaction and reduction half-reaction of H₂ evolution. The density-functional theory (DFT) calculation further confirms the charges transfer from CdS to ZnSnO₃. The hydrogen evolution of 5% CdS/ZSO heterostructure reached 1167.3 μmol g^?1, which was about 8 and 3 folds high compared to pristine ZSO (141.9 μmol g^?1) and CdS (315.5 μmol g^?1), during 3 h of reaction respectively. Furthermore, the CdS/ZSO heterostructures could suppress the photo corrosion of CdS, resulting in its high stability. This work is expected to enlighten the rational design of heterostructure for OP and RP to promote the hybrid heterostructures photocatalytic H₂ evolution.     

Effects of Bacillus velezensis zk1 on the physiology and metabolism of peaches

Bacillus velezensis zk1 is the dominant bacterium that causing rot in peaches. However, the mechanisms through that this bacterium causes rot have not been elucidated. Here, we explored the mechanisms of peach decay caused by B. velezensis zk1. The invasion of B. velezensis zk1 in peaches resulted in an increase in glucose and arabinose contents in fruit tissues. Moreover, the relative conductivity of the fruit reached 84% after 4 days of culture with bacterial invasion. With the destruction of cells, the malondialdehyde content increased, whereas the vitamin C, dialdehyde, flavonoid and total phenol contents decreased. Polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and ammonia lyase activities also decreased. Overall, these findings demonstrated that B. velezensis zk1 infection damaged peach chloroplasts, mitochondria, respiratory chain activity and related free radical scavenging enzyme systems, thereby disrupting the normal physiological metabolism of peaches and causing rot.     

雪菊精油对希氏肠球菌产酪胺及相关基因表达的影响

探讨不同质量浓度雪菊精油对希氏肠球菌（Enterococcus hirae）N47产酪胺的影响机制。利用反转录实时定量聚合酶链式反应分析E. hirae在雪菊精油作用下酪氨酸脱羧途径相关基因的表达情况；利用高效液相色谱法检测不同质量浓度雪菊精油对E. hirae产酪胺的影响。并将E. hirae接入到含不同质量浓度雪菊精油的熏马肠中发酵，评估香肠pH值、菌落总数和酪胺积累量。结果表明：在E. hirae纯培养体系和熏马肠体系中，雪菊精油通过抑制微生物的生长和酪氨酸脱羧途径中tyr DC、tyr P基因的表达，降低酪胺的积累量（P＜0.05）。当雪菊精油添加量为1/2最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC）和MIC时，熏马肠中酪胺的含量分别为78.52 mg/kg和45.83 mg/kg，较对照组分别减少了64.72%和79.41%。